The Gradation in the Formation of the Criminal Act between Islamic Jurisprudence and Algerian Law
Keywords:
Algerian Law. Criminal Act. Execution. Gradation. Intent. Islamic Jurisprudence. Preparatory Acts.Abstract
The criminal act follows a gradual path, beginning with the formation of the idea in the offender's mind, then transforming into resolve and intent, evolving into the preparation stage, and ending with the execution stage where the behavior materializes as a physical act harming an interest protected by law. Therefore, studying this gradation is crucial for determining the establishment of criminal responsibility and distinguishing between acts that fall within and outside the scope of criminalization. This article addresses the issue of the gradation in the formation of the criminal act by analyzing its main stages in both Islamic jurisprudence and Algerian penal law. The importance of this topic lies in defining the scope of criminal responsibility and clarifying the moment when behavior becomes subject to legal and Sharia accountability related to each stage, while identifying points of agreement and disagreement between Islamic jurisprudence and Algerian law. The study concluded that there is a convergence between them regarding non-accountability for mere intent; there is no punishment for mere intent unless it is translated into an overt act. However, openly declaring the intention to commit a crime is punishable in Islamic jurisprudence. Concerning the preparation stage, there is divergence. The core principle is the execution stage for establishing criminal responsibility, and consequently, for determining the appropriate punishment for the material conduct constituting the criminal act.
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